Aerodynamic Noise Reduction in Pantographs by Shape-smoothing of the Panhead and Its Support and by Use of Porous Material in Surface Coverings

To reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by a pantograph, which is one of the dominant noise sources in high speed trains, the authors have proposed a set of noise reduction techniques, namely, shape-optimization of the panhead, relaxation of aerodynamic interference between the panhead and the articulated frame, and the use...