Design and improvement of the thrust force characteristic of a LSM for a propulsion/levitation of the 700km/h-speed tube train

In case of high-speed maglev trains, the propulsion force of their Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) is an essential performance element since the LSM is responsible for both the propulsion and levitation of the train. A large thrust force ripple causes vibration, noise and severe levitation disturbance during the train operation.