Implementation of the automatic voltage and phase change functions in ERTMS operation: the Italian experience on the Rome-Naples and Turin-Milan HS lines

The high speed operation in Italy requires the frequent transition from the 3kV d.c. conventional lines to the 25 kV a.c. new high speed lines and viceversa. Furthermore on the HS lines there is the need to perform periodically a voltage phase change. This implies at train level the need...