Concrete sleeper performance loading tests on sleepers recovered from relaying items on the West Coast main line in the Scottish region (TM-CES-083)

Many sleepers (type F23/F23A, approaching 20 years old) on the West Coast Main Line in Scotland were observed to be cracked from their soffit upwards directly under the rail seats. Two lengths in particular were relaid in 1984 because of this cracking, namely on the down line near the...