The aerodynamic contact force characteristics of the proposed APT - pantograph related to actual train conditions (IM-AERO-073)

IMAERO 69 described the wind-tunnel tests on the proposed APT pantograph. It included a discussion of the basic results and the effects on these of modifying the main frame and head in an attempt to constrain the contact force within an allowable range. This Memorandum attempts to relate the basic...