Transient pressures in tunnels - A formula predicting the strength of the entry wave produced by trains with streamlined and unstreamlined noses (TM-AERO-12)

A simple formula for predicting the strength of the initial pressure rise generated by a train entering a tunnel has been developed by Hara. This formula was derived on the assumption that the flow around train noses is isentropic (inviscid and adiabatic). In certain cases where train noses are well...