Concrete sleeper development: Loading tests on standard F27 sleepers and re-designed sleepers with particular emphasis on reverse bending strength at the rail seatings (TN-TS-35)

A number of standard F27 concrete sleepers have cracked or failed in service due to cracks commencing from the top of the sleeper near the position of the cast-in Pandrol shoulders. The sleeper was designed to withstand high sagging moments at the seat section but not hogging moments, thus...