Particle image velocimetry of the underfloor flow for generic high-speed train models in a water towing tank

The underfloor flow field of three different 1:50 generic high-speed train models hauled through a water towing tank at a speed of 4?m/s (Reynolds number?=?0.24?×?106) over smooth ground, rough ground, and ground with sleepers is measured by means of two-component particle image velocimetry. The reference train model, consisting of four...