Rail irregularities, corrugation and acoustic roughness: characteristics, significance and effects of reprofiling

Railway noise is excited by irregularities on the running surfaces of wheels and rails, with rails being more significant for most of the wavelength and frequency range of interest. Measurements are presented that demonstrate the significance of irregularities in the 100–1000?mm wavelength range (corresponding roughly to 25–250?Hz) on ground-borne noise,...