Nonlinear analysis for the cooling effect of Qinghai-Tibetan railway embankment with different structures in permafrost regions

The thermal convection of fluid inside ballast layer and ripped-rock layer, which are regarded as porous media in railway embankment, is the process of heat and mass transfer. In this paper, in order to research the influence of different embankment structures and geometries on the underlying permafrost thermal regime along...