Dynamic Axle Loads on Tracks with and Without Ballast Mats: Numerical Results of Three-Dimensional Vehicle-Track-Soil Models

Ballast mats are an efficient measure to reduce the vibrations near railway lines. The vehicle-track system gets a low eigenfrequency due to the insertion of an elastic ballast mat under the ballast. For frequencies higher than this low vehicle-track eigenfrequency, the forces, which are generating the vibration of the soil,...