Noise and ETCS differentiated track access charge: A methodology to define convenience's thresholds for RU's and optimal values for bonus

Differentiation of track access charge (DTAC) proposed by the Recast EU Directive, on the basis of noise production by trains or ETCS equipment of locos, has been investigated, taking account of possible schemes proposed by the EU Commission (bonus or bonus-malus systems). A framework method is proposed to evaluate effectiveness...