Numerical Flow Simulation of Increase Mechanism and Method for Suppressing Increase in Lift Force of Pantograph Head for Conventional Trains under Crosswind

We numerically investigated the aerodynamic characteristics of pantographs for conventional trains in a crosswind by using large-eddy simulations (LESs). Although previous experimental study revealed that the lift force increases significantly under crosswind conditions, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been clarified. Therefore, the flow fields around the pantograph head...